APPs de Campinas: Onde a água nasce, a mata falta

Cerejo, Lucas Nakamura

doi:10.5281/zenodo.23539297

No. 035 Hydrography Campinas Metropolitan Region 4/4

Riparian reserves of Campinas

Where water rises, the forest is missing

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Map of the municipality of Campinas, in transverse Mercator projection, with the stream network drawn as thin strips coloured by land use inside the permanent preservation area: dark green for forest, straw yellow for human-altered land, dark grey for built-up area. Small blue dots mark 1,671 springs, and lakes and reservoirs appear in light blue. Green dominates the dense network in the east; grey fills the streams of the urban centre and west; yellow spreads across the rural south and north. A callout points to a spring in the centre: 49 springs under the city. In the panel, a strip splits the reserve area by land use class, and bars show which class the springs fall in. — Fig. 035 Municipality of Campinas (SP) EPSG:4674 Source: FBDS, IBGE

Brazil’s Forest Code requires a strip of protected vegetation along every river, around every spring and on the shores of reservoirs: the permanent preservation areas, or APPs. In Campinas they add up to 108 km², 13.6% of the municipality, drawn over 1,682 km of streams and 1,671 springs. Only 26.4% of that strip is forest. The rest is pasture, cropland and bare soil (57.9%) or city (14.3%). Of the springs, 325 lie in forest and 1,261 in human-altered land; 49 have ended up under the streets and roofs of the urban area. On the map, green thickens in the east, in the hills of Sousas and Joaquim Egídio, and vanishes in the centre, where the streams run between houses. Fourth plate of the collection “Campinas Metropolitan Region”.

Technical record · downloads · citation

At a glance

Layers

app_uso polygon Land use inside the reserves, in five classes, with area in hectares
app polygon 2,657 reserve strips, with their origin (stream, water body, spring) and width in metres
rios line 5,351 single-line stream segments, with width class and length
rios_duplos polygon 114 double-bank river reaches
massas_dagua polygon 967 lakes and reservoirs, 956 of them artificial
nascentes point 1,671 springs
limite_municipal polygon Boundary of Campinas

Metadata

Sources: FBDS — Brazilian Foundation for Sustainable Development: high-resolution mapping of land use, hydrography and riparian reserves
IBGE — Municipal Mesh 2025 (2025)
Extent: Municipality of Campinas (SP)
CRS / Projection: SIRGAS 2000 (EPSG:4674)
EPSG:4674
Software: Python · GeoPandas · GDAL · QGIS · Node.js · d3-geo
Method: Reserves, stream network, springs and land use inside the reserves from the FBDS mapping of Campinas; area of each land use class summed and springs assigned to the class they fall in.
Version: v1.0.0
Licence: CC BY 4.0
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23539297

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The map without a frame, with legend, scale, reference system and credit written on it: ready for papers, lectures and slides. In two versions: with the basemap (neighbours and sea) or only the mapped area, on white.

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How to cite

Cerejo, L. N. (2026). APPs de Campinas: onde a água nasce, a mata falta [Riparian reserves of Campinas: Where water rises, the forest is missing] (Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23539297

@dataset{cerejo2026_apps_campinas,
  author    = {Cerejo, Lucas Nakamura},
  title     = {APPs de Campinas: Onde a água nasce, a mata falta},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  version   = {1.0.0},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23539297},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23539297},
  language  = {portuguese},
  note      = {English title: Riparian reserves of Campinas: Where water rises, the forest is missing. Licence CC BY 4.0}
}

How to read this plate area, projection, scale, legend and source · 2 terms

1 Area: Municipality of Campinas (SP) The area the plate covers. Outside it, neighbours and sea are drawn in grey, just for orientation.
2 Coordinates and projection: SIRGAS 2000 (EPSG:4674) Drawn in transverse Mercator, which preserves local shapes. The layers are in SIRGAS 2000; the drawing’s projection is written in the colophon at the foot of the panel.
3 Scale: Graphic scale bar in the panel The scale bar is true on the central meridian; away from it, measured distances vary a little.
4 Legend and layers: 7 layers in the GeoPackage · polygon, line, point Read the legend before the map: it tells you whether a colour is a rate or a class, and whether a circle is a total.
5 Sources: FBDS; IBGE (2025) Every figure comes from a public source, with its year. The data sheet gives each one’s address.

Terms on this plate

Cane straw: Tops and leaves left in the field by mechanised harvesting since cane burning ended. Some can be collected for energy; some must stay to protect the soil.
Land cover and land use: What covers each patch of ground (forest, pasture, soy, cane, water, town), read from satellite images year by year. The forty-year plates use MapBiomas’ series, 1985 to 2025, summed by municipality.

Anatomy of a plate Full glossary

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Layers, table and figures, under CC BY 4.0. Cite with the DOI.

Full record and citation

Method notes · No. 035

The permanent preservation areas of Campinas and the land use inside them

Português · English

Plate No. 035, the last of four in the collection Campinas Metropolitan Region: a close-up of the core municipality, to see the riverbanks that the regional plates cannot reach.

What the files contain

Layer (GPKG)	Geometry	Contents
`app_uso`	polygon	23,490 land use polygons inside the reserves: `classe_uso`, `area_ha`
`app`	polygon	2,657 reserve strips: `origem` (stream by width class, water body or spring), `largura_m` (width), `area_ha`
`rios`	line	5,351 single-line segments: `classe` (stream width), `comp_km`
`rios_duplos`	polygon	114 double-bank river reaches: `classe`, `area_ha`
`massas_dagua`	polygon	967 lakes and reservoirs: `classe`, `natureza` (natural or artificial), `area_ha`
`nascentes`	point	1,671 springs
`limite_municipal`	polygon	boundary of Campinas (IBGE)

The GPKG is zipped and attached to the rmc-2026 release. Each layer carries its own QGIS style: app_uso with the five classes in the plate’s colours, water in blue and the reserve strips as outlines only.

The CSV holds the area of each land use class inside the reserves, in UTF-8.

Method

Layers from the FBDS mapping of the municipality of Campinas (IBGE code 3509502): reserves, land use inside the reserves, single- and double-bank streams, water bodies and springs, reprojected from SIRGAS 2000 / UTM 23S to geographic SIRGAS 2000.
The strips follow the Forest Code widths (Law 12,651/2012) adopted by FBDS: 30 m on each side of streams up to 10 m wide, 50 m for those 10 to 50 m wide, 100 m for those 50 to 200 m wide, 15 or 30 m around water bodies, and a 50 m radius around springs.
Area of each land use class inside the reserves, in km², in the Albers equal-area projection.
Each spring is assigned to the land use class of the polygon it falls in; 7 springs fall in no land use polygon.
Stream length measured on the ellipsoid.
On the plate, a 30 m strip is little more than 2 px wide: each class was given an outline in its own colour so that it can be read. The drawn width is exaggerated; the areas in the panel and the files are the true ones.

Limitations

The FBDS mapping is a snapshot of a single date, made from high-resolution satellite imagery from about a decade ago; the city has grown and some forest has recovered since.
Human-altered land lumps together pasture, cropland, bare soil and other unbuilt uses: FBDS does not separate them.
An APP is the strip the law requires to be protected, not a register of what is legally occupied: houses and streets older than the rules, consolidated urban areas and regularisation schemes follow rules of their own.
The 1,682 km cover only single-line streams; the 114 double-bank river reaches enter as polygons.

View this map’s folder on GitHub