Rebanhos: Três rebanhos, três geografias

Cerejo, Lucas Nakamura

doi:10.5281/zenodo.23506048

No. 029 Energy · biomass Bioenergy in São Paulo 2/4

Livestock

Three herds, three geographies

Record, downloads and citation

Four panels of São Paulo state. Three maps show the municipalities coloured by the density of cattle, pigs and poultry (head per km², six classes of the plasma palette, from yellow to dark blue), with the three largest herds of each kind named; municipalities without data are hatched, nearly all of them in Greater São Paulo and on the Santos coast. The fourth panel holds the locator map, the leaf-shaped north arrow and notes on how to read the maps. — Fig. 029 São Paulo state (SP) EPSG:4674 Source: IBGE

In 2024, São Paulo state held 10.8 million cattle, 1.5 million pigs and 205 million poultry. Side by side, the three herds occupy the state in different ways: cattle spread across the west, led by Presidente Bernardes (151,407 head) and Mirante do Paranapanema (138,268); pigs gather in a few hubs, such as Itu and Cerqueira César, each with over 100,000 head; and poultry cluster in farms, with Bastos alone holding 13.7 million birds. For anyone thinking about biogas, density matters more than the total: many animals on little land also concentrate the manure. Second plate of the collection “Bioenergy in São Paulo”.

Technical record · downloads · citation

At a glance

Layers

municipios polygon 645 municipalities: herd size and density (head/km²) of cattle, pigs and poultry
regioes_intermediarias polygon 11 intermediate geographic regions
limite_estadual polygon State boundary

Metadata

Sources: IBGE — Municipal Livestock Survey (PPM), table 3939: herd size (2024)
IBGE — Municipal Mesh 2025 (2025)
Extent: São Paulo state (SP)
CRS / Projection: SIRGAS 2000 (EPSG:4674)
EPSG:4674
Software: Python · GeoPandas · GDAL · QGIS · Node.js · d3-geo
Method: Cattle, pig and poultry numbers from PPM 2024 joined to the Municipal Mesh by IBGE code and divided by municipal area; six quantile classes.
Version: v1.0.0
Licence: CC BY 4.0
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23506048

Downloads

Figure to reuse

The map without a frame, with legend, scale, reference system and credit written on it: ready for papers, lectures and slides. In two versions: with the basemap (neighbours and sea) or only the mapped area, on white.

With basemap (PNG) Without basemap (PNG) QR code (SVG)

Point a camera at it to open this page.

How to cite

Cerejo, L. N. (2026). Rebanhos: três rebanhos, três geografias [Livestock: Three herds, three geographies] (Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23506048

@dataset{cerejo2026_rebanhos_sp,
  author    = {Cerejo, Lucas Nakamura},
  title     = {Rebanhos: Três rebanhos, três geografias},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  version   = {1.0.0},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23506048},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23506048},
  language  = {portuguese},
  note      = {English title: Livestock: Three herds, three geographies. Licence CC BY 4.0}
}

How to read this plate area, projection, scale, legend and source · 1 terms

1 Area: São Paulo state (SP) The area the plate covers. Outside it, neighbours and sea are drawn in grey, just for orientation.
2 Coordinates and projection: SIRGAS 2000 (EPSG:4674) The layers are in SIRGAS 2000; the drawing’s projection is written in the colophon at the foot of the panel.
3 Scale: Graphic scale bar in the panel The scale bar is true on the central meridian; away from it, measured distances vary a little.
4 Legend and layers: 3 layers in the GeoPackage · polygon Read the legend before the map: it tells you whether a colour is a rate or a class, and whether a circle is a total.
5 Sources: IBGE (2024); IBGE (2025) Every figure comes from a public source, with its year. The data sheet gives each one’s address.

Terms on this plate

Biogas: The gas from the airless breakdown (anaerobic digestion) of organic waste: manure, vinasse, sewage sludge, rubbish. It is 50% to 70% methane; the rest is mostly CO₂.

Anatomy of a plate Full glossary

Download

Layers, table and figures, under CC BY 4.0. Cite with the DOI.

Full record and citation

Method notes · No. 029

Livestock — cattle, pigs and poultry in São Paulo, 2024

Português · English

Plate No. 029, the second of four in the collection Bioenergy in São Paulo: after the biogas plants, where the animals are whose manure can feed them.

What the files contain

Layer (GPKG)	Geometry	Contents
`municipios`	polygon	645 municipalities: `CD_MUN`, `NM_MUN`, intermediate region, `area_km2`, herd size (`bovino`, `suino`, `galinaceos`) and density in head/km² (`dens_bovino`, `dens_suino`, `dens_galinaceos`)
`regioes_intermediarias`	polygon	11 intermediate geographic regions
`limite_estadual`	polygon	outline of the state

The GPKG is zipped and attached to the repository’s bioenergia-sp-2026 release, together with those of the other plates in the collection.

The GPKG carries its own QGIS styles. The municipios layer has three: densidade_bovino (the default, which opens when you drag the file into QGIS), densidade_suino and densidade_galinaceos. To switch, open the layer properties and pick another style under Style › Styles. Classes and colours match the plate; zero shows in light grey and “no data” in white, each with its own line in the legend.

The CSV holds the same municipal table, in UTF-8, without geometry. In both files an empty cell (NULL) means no data, and 0 means a zero reported by IBGE.

Method

Table 3939 of the Municipal Livestock Survey on SIDRA: variable Efetivo dos rebanhos (head, on 31 December 2024), products Bovino, Suíno – total and Galináceos – total, municipal level, São Paulo state.
Joined to IBGE’s 2025 Municipal Mesh by the seven-digit code.
Density = herd size ÷ official municipal area (area_km2, from the mesh itself), to two decimal places.
Classes: six quantiles of the municipalities with a positive herd, computed separately for each kind; limits are rounded to two significant figures, and the last one is the observed maximum. The table’s “-” symbol (absolute zero) becomes 0; “…” (not available) and municipalities missing from the table become no data.
Intermediate regions and the state boundary are dissolved from the municipalities.
On the plate, geometries are simplified as a coverage; the downloadable files keep IBGE’s original geometry.

Limitations

The 2024 figures are preliminary results of the PPM and may be revised by IBGE.
Herd size is a snapshot on 31 December, not the number slaughtered during the year. In broiler farming, which raises several batches a year, the snapshot falls short of the number of birds that pass through the farm.
Density uses the municipality’s total area, not the area of pasture or farms.
28 municipalities have no data: 26 marked “…” in the table and 2 (Águas de São Pedro and São Caetano do Sul) missing from it. Nearly all are in Greater São Paulo and on the Santos coast.
Galináceos – total adds up cocks, hens, pullets, broilers and chicks: laying and meat birds together.

View this map’s folder on GitHub