Lixo fora da coleta: Onde o caminhão não passa, o lixo queima

Cerejo, Lucas Nakamura

doi:10.5281/zenodo.23540155

No. 053 Census · income Sanitation and biomethane 3/4

Rubbish outside collection

Where the truck does not pass, rubbish burns

Record, downloads and citation

Map of São Paulo state with census tracts coloured by the share of households that burn or bury their rubbish, dump it on vacant land or dispose of it otherwise, in 2022, in five classes from cream (up to 1%) to dark brown (over 50%), and light grey where everyone has collection. The rural interior is brown, darker in the west and the Pontal do Paranapanema; the towns and Greater São Paulo are pale. Tracts whose class is withheld are hatched. A callout points to Marabá Paulista, with 46% of households without collection. In the panel, each class has a bar with its share of the state’s households, and bars show what happens to uncollected rubbish: burnt, other, vacant land and buried. — Fig. 053 São Paulo State (SP) EPSG:4674 Source: IBGE

Nearly all of São Paulo’s rubbish is collected: in 2022, only 0.99% of households, 160,000, disposed of it otherwise. But that 1% is not spread out. It is in the countryside, where the truck does not reach, and the most common destination is fire: 110,000 households burnt their rubbish on the property. Painted tract by tract, the map shows the state inside out: the towns are pale, with collection for everyone, and the rural interior darkens. In 1,734 tracts, more than half the households had no collection. Marabá Paulista, in the Pontal do Paranapanema, has the largest share of its households outside collection (46%); the capital has the largest number (12,094). Rubbish that is not collected does not reach a landfill or a digester either. Third plate of the collection “Sanitation and biomethane”.

Technical record · downloads · citation

At a glance

Layers

setores polygon 103,319 census tracts: households by rubbish destination and uncollected-rubbish class (same GPKG as plate 051)
regioes_intermediarias polygon 11 intermediate geographic regions
limite_estadual polygon State boundary

Metadata

Sources: IBGE — 2022 Population Census: household characteristics by census tract (2022)
IBGE — SIDRA, table 6892: households by rubbish destination (2022)
IBGE — 2022 Census Tract Mesh (2022)
Extent: São Paulo State (SP)
CRS / Projection: SIRGAS 2000 (EPSG:4674)
EPSG:4674
Software: Node.js · d3-geo · QGIS
Method: Share of each census tract’s occupied permanent private households that burn or bury their rubbish, dump it on vacant land, slopes or public areas, or dispose of it otherwise, in five classes and zero; tracts with withheld values get a class only when it does not depend on the omitted value.
Version: v1.0.0
Licence: CC BY 4.0
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23540155

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Figure to reuse

The map without a frame, with legend, scale, reference system and credit written on it: ready for papers, lectures and slides. In two versions: with the basemap (neighbours and sea) or only the mapped area, on white.

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How to cite

Cerejo, L. N. (2026). Lixo fora da coleta: onde o caminhão não passa, o lixo queima [Rubbish outside collection: Where the truck does not pass, rubbish burns] (Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23540155

@dataset{cerejo2026_lixo_fora_da_coleta_sp,
  author    = {Cerejo, Lucas Nakamura},
  title     = {Lixo fora da coleta: Onde o caminhão não passa, o lixo queima},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Zenodo},
  version   = {1.0.0},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.23540155},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23540155},
  language  = {portuguese},
  note      = {English title: Rubbish outside collection: Where the truck does not pass, rubbish burns. Licence CC BY 4.0}
}

How to read this plate area, projection, scale, legend and source · 3 terms

1 Area: São Paulo State (SP) The area the plate covers. Outside it, neighbours and sea are drawn in grey, just for orientation.
2 Coordinates and projection: SIRGAS 2000 (EPSG:4674) The layers are in SIRGAS 2000; the drawing’s projection is written in the colophon at the foot of the panel.
3 Scale: Graphic scale bar in the panel The scale bar is true on the central meridian; away from it, measured distances vary a little.
4 Legend and layers: 3 layers in the GeoPackage · polygon Read the legend before the map: it tells you whether a colour is a rate or a class, and whether a circle is a total.
5 Sources: IBGE (2022) Every figure comes from a public source, with its year. The data sheet gives each one’s address.

Terms on this plate

Census tract: The smallest collection area of the IBGE Census, a few hundred households each. It is the finest grain at which income, sanitation and housing can be seen without identifying anyone.
Biomethane: Biogas upgraded, with most of the CO₂ removed, to ANP’s specification, at which point it replaces natural gas in the pipeline, in industry and in the lorry’s tank.
Landfill and open dump: A sanitary landfill is an engineered site: sealed ground, leachate and gas drainage. An open dump is tipping in the open air, banned by Brazil’s National Solid Waste Policy. Landfill gas is biogas.

Anatomy of a plate Full glossary

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Layers, table and figures, under CC BY 4.0. Cite with the DOI.

Full record and citation

Method notes · No. 053

Rubbish outside collection in São Paulo’s census tracts

Português · English

Plate No. 053, the third of four in the collection Sanitation and biomethane: the rubbish that never reaches the truck, and therefore no landfill or digester.

What the files contain

The GPKG is the same as plate 051: the setores layer holds households by rubbish destination (lixo_coletado collected, lixo_cacamba skip, lixo_queimado burnt, lixo_enterrado buried, lixo_terreno dumped, lixo_outro other) and the classe_lixo field (0 = none; 1 to 5 = up to 1%, 1 to 5%, 5 to 20%, 20 to 50%, over 50%). This plate’s QGIS style is lixo_fora_da_coleta.

Method

2022 Census tract aggregates: occupied permanent private households by rubbish destination.
Outside collection: burnt on the property, buried on the property, dumped on vacant land, slopes or public areas, and other. Collected: at the door or in a cleaning-service skip.
Confidentiality, as on plate 051: X hides a 1 or a 2 and never becomes zero; a tract gets a class only when it does not depend on the omitted value. The rule weighs more here, because uncollected destinations are rare and often withheld: 5,168 tracts (427,767 households) are hatched.
Tracts with no occupied household share the light grey of tracts with full collection.
State and municipal totals: SIDRA table 6892.

Limitations

The destination is as declared to the enumerator; the Census does not say whether collection is regular or where the truck takes the rubbish.
A large rural tract weighs a lot on the map and little in the numbers: brown covers much of the state, but households without collection are 1%.

View this map’s folder on GitHub