Que bioeconomia: O campo lidera no interior e no Vale do Ribeira; a fábrica de alimentos, em volta das cidades

Cerejo, Lucas Nakamura

No. 077 Energy · biomass The bioeconomy at work 2/5

Which bioeconomy

Farming leads inland and in the Ribeira Valley; food factories, around the towns

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Map of São Paulo’s municipalities in five colours by the bioeconomy segment with most formal jobs: olive green for farming, ochre for food, brown for wood and paper, lilac for fibres and leather and yellow for biofuels. Olive green covers most of the west and the Ribeira Valley; ochre forms patches around the inland towns and the metropolis; yellow appears in spots across the cane-growing north. Callouts point to Guaíra, with 6,245 jobs in biofuels, and Suzano, with 3,866 in wood and paper. In the panel, the legend with the number of municipalities for each segment and stacked bars comparing the make-up of the bioeconomy in Brazil, in SP and in each intermediate region. — Fig. 077 São Paulo State (SP) EPSG:4674 Source: MTE/PDET, JRC (European Commission), IBGE

São Paulo’s bioeconomy is, above all, a food factory: food, drink and tobacco account for 496,000 of the 1.05 million formal jobs, 47%, against 45% in Brazil. Farming, fishing and forestry have 350,000, 33%, below the country’s 38%. Wood, paper and wooden furniture have 147,000; biofuels, 43,000; natural fibres and leather, 18,000. By municipality, farming leads in 376 of the 645, nearly all small, in the west and the Ribeira Valley. The food industry leads in 203, around the mid-sized towns and the metropolis. Wood and paper lead in 44, such as Suzano, with 3,866 jobs. Ethanol mills lead in 17, among them Guaíra, with 6,245 jobs in biofuels. Fibres and leather lead in 5. Second plate of the collection “The bioeconomy at work”.

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At a glance

Layers

municipios polygon 645 municipalities: bioeconomy jobs by segment and dominant segment (same GPKG as plate 076)
regioes_intermediarias polygon 11 intermediate geographic regions
limite_estadual polygon State boundary

Metadata

Sources: MTE/PDET — RAIS 2025: establishments (RAIS ESTAB PUB), active jobs on 31/12 by CNAE 2.0 subclass and municipality (2025)
JRC (European Commission) — Jobs and wealth in the European Union bioeconomy: scope of bioeconomy sectors (2024)
IBGE — Municipal Mesh 2025 (2025)
Extent: São Paulo State (SP)
CRS / Projection: SIRGAS 2000 (EPSG:4674)
EPSG:4674
Software: Node.js · d3-geo · QGIS
Method: Bioeconomy active jobs on 31/12/2025, within the European JRC scope, split into five segments by CNAE subclass; each municipality takes the colour of the segment with most jobs.
Version: v1.0.0
Licence: CC BY 4.0
DOI: being registered on Zenodo

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The map without a frame, with legend, scale, reference system and credit written on it: ready for papers, lectures and slides. In two versions: with the basemap (neighbours and sea) or only the mapped area, on white.

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How to cite

Cerejo, L. N. (2026). Que bioeconomia: o campo lidera no interior e no Vale do Ribeira; a fábrica de alimentos, em volta das cidades [Which bioeconomy: Farming leads inland and in the Ribeira Valley; food factories, around the towns] (Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. Essencial. https://aikiesan.github.io/essencial-geo/en/maps/077-perfil-da-bioeconomia-sp/

@dataset{cerejo2026_perfil_da_bioeconomia_sp,
  author    = {Cerejo, Lucas Nakamura},
  title     = {Que bioeconomia: O campo lidera no interior e no Vale do Ribeira; a fábrica de alimentos, em volta das cidades},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Essencial},
  version   = {1.0.0},
  url       = {https://aikiesan.github.io/essencial-geo/en/maps/077-perfil-da-bioeconomia-sp/},
  language  = {portuguese},
  note      = {English title: Which bioeconomy: Farming leads inland and in the Ribeira Valley; food factories, around the towns. Licence CC BY 4.0}
}

How to read this plate area, projection, scale, legend and source

1 Area: São Paulo State (SP) The area the plate covers. Outside it, neighbours and sea are drawn in grey, just for orientation.
2 Coordinates and projection: SIRGAS 2000 (EPSG:4674) The layers are in SIRGAS 2000; the drawing’s projection is written in the colophon at the foot of the panel.
3 Scale: Graphic scale bar in the panel The scale bar is true on the central meridian; away from it, measured distances vary a little.
4 Legend and layers: 3 layers in the GeoPackage · polygon Read the legend before the map: it tells you whether a colour is a rate or a class, and whether a circle is a total.
5 Sources: MTE/PDET (2025); JRC (European Commission) (2024); IBGE (2025) Every figure comes from a public source, with its year. The data sheet gives each one’s address.

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Layers, table and figures, under CC BY 4.0. Cite with the DOI.

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Method notes · No. 077

The bioeconomy’s segments across São Paulo’s municipalities

Português · English

Plate No. 077, the second of five in the collection The bioeconomy at work. How much the bioeconomy weighs in each municipality is on plate 076.

The JRC dashboard shows, for each European region, the make-up of the bioeconomy: how much is farming, how much is food, how much is wood and paper, how much is energy. This plate reads São Paulo’s municipalities and regions the same way.

What the files contain

Layer (GPKG)	Geometry	Content
`municipios`	polygon	645 municipalities: `agro`, `alimentos`, `madeira`, `fibras`, `biocombustiveis`, `bio` and `dominante`
`regioes_intermediarias`, `limite_estadual`	polygon	reference

It is the GPKG of plate 076, with the QGIS style dominante. The CSV has the municipal table, without geometry.

Method

Active jobs on 31/12/2025 (RAIS 2025, establishments), in the bioeconomy CNAE subclasses set out on plate 076.
Five segments: agro (divisions 01 to 03); alimentos, food, drink and tobacco (10 to 12, including sugar); madeira, wood, paper and wooden furniture (16, 17 and 3101-2); fibras, natural fibres and leather (13.11, 13.12, 13.21, 13.22 and 15.10); biocombustiveis, biofuels (19.31 and 19.32: ethanol and biodiesel).
Each municipality takes the colour of the segment with most jobs. The panel bars show the whole make-up, as 100%, for Brazil, SP and each intermediate region.

Limitations

The dominant segment hides the mix: a municipality with 51% farming and 49% food takes the farming colour. The fractions are in the CSV.
A sugar and ethanol mill splits across two segments: sugar (CNAE 10.71) goes to food and alcohol (19.31) to biofuels, according to the main activity declared.
RAIS counts formal jobs only; informal and family farming do not appear.

View this map’s folder on GitHub