As fábricas do resíduo orgânico: Usinas, frigoríficos, laticínios, sucos e cervejarias: onde a indústria deixa resíduo orgânico

Cerejo, Lucas Nakamura

No. 078 Energy · biomass The bioeconomy at work 3/5

The organic-waste factories

Mills, slaughterhouses, dairies, juice plants and breweries: where industry leaves organic waste

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Map of São Paulo with the municipalities in grey and circles proportional to formal jobs in organic-waste-generating industries, coloured by the branch with most jobs: yellow for sugar and ethanol, brick red for slaughter, blue for dairy, orange for fruit and juice, purple for drinks, beige for grain and feed and green for oils. Large yellow circles spread across the north and west; red ones appear in the west and north-west; the capital has the largest circle. Callouts point to Guaíra, with 7,588 jobs, 87% in sugar and ethanol, and the capital, with 16,133. In the panel, the branch legend with each branch’s jobs, the municipalities with most jobs and a note on what CP2B already counts. — Fig. 078 São Paulo State (SP) EPSG:4674 Source: MTE/PDET, IBGE

Some industries leave organic waste in volume: vinasse, filter cake and bagasse at the mills; blood, rumen contents and fatty effluent at slaughterhouses; whey at dairies; pulp and peel at juice plants; yeast and spent grain at breweries. In São Paulo, 364,647 formal jobs are in these industries, in 3,692 establishments and 531 municipalities. Sugar and ethanol account for 46%; slaughter, 23%. The capital has the most jobs, 16,133, split between dairy, oils, slaughter and drinks. Inland the mill rules: in Guaíra, 87% of the 7,588 jobs are in sugar and ethanol; Sertãozinho and Araras follow close behind. Slaughter leads in 124 municipalities, the mills in 116 and dairies in 89. CP2B already counts cane residues; the effluent of the other industries is left out. Third plate of the collection “The bioeconomy at work”.

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At a glance

Layers

municipios polygon 645 municipalities: jobs and establishments in generating industries, by branch, and the dominant branch (same GPKG as plate 076)
regioes_intermediarias polygon 11 intermediate geographic regions
limite_estadual polygon State boundary

Metadata

Sources: MTE/PDET — RAIS 2025: establishments (RAIS ESTAB PUB), active jobs on 31/12 by CNAE 2.0 subclass and municipality (2025)
IBGE — Municipal Mesh 2025 (2025)
Extent: São Paulo State (SP)
CRS / Projection: SIRGAS 2000 (EPSG:4674)
EPSG:4674
Software: Node.js · d3-geo · QGIS
Method: Active jobs on 31/12/2025 in seven industrial branches that generate organic effluent and waste in volume (slaughter, dairy, fruit and juice, sugar and ethanol, oils, drinks, grain and feed), by CNAE class and municipality; circle proportional to the total, coloured by the branch with most jobs.
Version: v1.0.0
Licence: CC BY 4.0
DOI: being registered on Zenodo

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The map without a frame, with legend, scale, reference system and credit written on it: ready for papers, lectures and slides. In two versions: with the basemap (neighbours and sea) or only the mapped area, on white.

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How to cite

Cerejo, L. N. (2026). As fábricas do resíduo orgânico: usinas, frigoríficos, laticínios, sucos e cervejarias: onde a indústria deixa resíduo orgânico [The organic-waste factories: Mills, slaughterhouses, dairies, juice plants and breweries: where industry leaves organic waste] (Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. Essencial. https://aikiesan.github.io/essencial-geo/en/maps/078-industrias-do-residuo-organico-sp/

@dataset{cerejo2026_industrias_do_residuo_organico_sp,
  author    = {Cerejo, Lucas Nakamura},
  title     = {As fábricas do resíduo orgânico: Usinas, frigoríficos, laticínios, sucos e cervejarias: onde a indústria deixa resíduo orgânico},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Essencial},
  version   = {1.0.0},
  url       = {https://aikiesan.github.io/essencial-geo/en/maps/078-industrias-do-residuo-organico-sp/},
  language  = {portuguese},
  note      = {English title: The organic-waste factories: Mills, slaughterhouses, dairies, juice plants and breweries: where industry leaves organic waste. Licence CC BY 4.0}
}

How to read this plate area, projection, scale, legend and source · 3 terms

1 Area: São Paulo State (SP) The area the plate covers. Outside it, neighbours and sea are drawn in grey, just for orientation.
2 Coordinates and projection: SIRGAS 2000 (EPSG:4674) The layers are in SIRGAS 2000; the drawing’s projection is written in the colophon at the foot of the panel.
3 Scale: Graphic scale bar in the panel The scale bar is true on the central meridian; away from it, measured distances vary a little.
4 Legend and layers: 3 layers in the GeoPackage · polygon Read the legend before the map: it tells you whether a colour is a rate or a class, and whether a circle is a total.
5 Sources: MTE/PDET (2025); IBGE (2025) Every figure comes from a public source, with its year. The data sheet gives each one’s address.

Terms on this plate

Bagasse: The fibre left after crushing. Burnt in the boilers, it makes the mill’s own steam and electricity; the surplus goes to the grid.
Vinasse: The liquid left by distillation, around ten litres per litre of ethanol, rich in potassium. It goes back to the cane fields as fertiliser and can pass through a digester first.
Filter cake: The residue from clarifying cane juice, rich in phosphorus and organic matter: a fertiliser and a biogas feedstock.

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Method notes · No. 078

The industries that generate organic waste across São Paulo’s municipalities

Português · English

Plate No. 078, the third of five in the collection The bioeconomy at work. Where these industries meet farm biomass is on plate 079.

European biogas inventories locate agro-industrial effluent by the plant that generates it: slaughterhouses, dairies, breweries, juice plants. In Brazil, biogas potential is usually estimated from herds and crops. This plate uses formal employment as a marker of where those factories are.

What the files contain

Layer (GPKG)	Geometry	Content
`municipios`	polygon	645 municipalities: `ger` (jobs in generating industries), `estab_ger`, the branches `g_abate`, `g_laticinios`, `g_frutas`, `g_acucar_etanol`, `g_oleos`, `g_bebidas`, `g_graos_racoes` and the `g_dominante`
`regioes_intermediarias`, `limite_estadual`	polygon	reference

It is the GPKG of plate 076, with the QGIS style g_dominante. The CSV has the municipal table, without geometry.

Method

Active jobs on 31/12/2025 and establishments with jobs (RAIS 2025), by CNAE class.
Seven branches: abate, slaughter (10.11, 10.12, 10.13 and 10.20, including fish); laticinios, dairy (10.51 to 10.53); frutas, fruit and juice (10.31 to 10.33); acucar_etanol, sugar and ethanol (10.71, 10.72 and 19.31); oleos, oils (10.41 to 10.43); bebidas, drinks (11.11 to 11.13, 11.21 and 11.22); graos_racoes, grain and feed (10.61 to 10.66 and 10.69).
Circle at the centre of the municipality, with area proportional to the jobs in the seven branches and the colour of the branch with most jobs.

Limitations

Employment shows where the factory is, not how much waste it generates: an automated mill produces far more vinasse per job than a slaughterhouse produces effluent. Estimating the volume needs a waste-per-product coefficient for each branch.
The CP2B potential (plate 050 and plates 055 to 059) already counts vinasse, filter cake and bagasse from the mills. Effluent from slaughterhouses, dairies, juice plants and breweries is outside it: a potential not yet added up.
RAIS places the job in the municipality of the reporting establishment; firms reporting through their head office move the jobs.

View this map’s folder on GitHub